The one word that can be used to describe the events leading up to fertilization is development. The five steps leading up to this are ovulation, sperm ejaculation and transport, fallopian transport and fertilization. Cell differentiation is when a less specialized cell matures to form a more distinct function.
For cell differentiation to succeed it must have a certain part of the DNA "highlighted" and must follow the specific pattern of the DNA sequence.
Germ Layers:
Ectoderm: Epidermis, epithelial lining, cornea and lens of eye, nervous system, sensory receptors, adrenal medulla, tooth enamel, epithelium.
Mesoderm: Notochord, skeletal system, muscular system, excretory system, circulatory and lymphatic systems, reproductive systems, dermis, lining of body cavity, adrenal cortex.
Endoderm: Epithelial lining of digestive tract and respiratory system, lining of urethra, urinary bladder, and reproductive system, liver, pancreas, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands.
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